ABOUT WIND POWER
What Is Wind Energy?
What Is A Wind Farm?
What Are Wind Turbines?
How Do Wind Turbines Work?
How Much Energy Can Wind Supply?
What If The Wind Doesn’t Blow?
What Is The Cost Of Wind Energy?
How Do Wind Farms Affect Property Values?
Do Wind Farms Make Noise?
How Do Wind Energy Projects Benefit Local Economies?
Does Wind Energy Impact The Environment?
How Do Wind Projects Affect Local Wildlife Populations?
Can Wind Energy Help America Become Energy Independent?
What If I Still Have Questions?
Wind Energy, Sometimes Called Wind Power, Is Power Derived From Wind. Wind energy is used to generate electricity or mechanical power.
- Wind Energy Is A Form Of Renewable Energy. It is a converted form of solar energy. The sun's radiation heats different parts of the earth at different rates. In addition, different surfaces (for example, water and land) absorb or reflect solar energy at different rates. This in turn causes portions of the atmosphere to warm differently. Hot air rises, reducing the atmospheric pressure at the earth's surface, and cooler air is drawn in to replace it. The result is wind. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/29/07)
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Wind Farms, Also Known As Wind Energy Plants, Are Power Plants Comprised Of Multiple Wind Turbines. As demand for electricity grows, wind turbines can be added as needed. The power collected at wind farms is fed into an existing electricity grid where it is combined with electricity from other power plants and delivered to utility customers. Wind farms generate extra income for farmers, ranchers, and local landowners. Other land uses, like ranching and farming, can continue undisturbed.
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Wind Turbines Generate Electricity For Homes And Businesses And For Sale To Utilities. The main components of a wind turbine consist of a tower, three propeller-like blades, a rotor, a shaft, and a generator. Read “How Do Wind Turbines Work?” to see how these parts work together to create electricity.
- What Is A Wind Turbine Made Of? The towers are usually made of steel and the blades are made of fiberglass-reinforced polyester or wood-epoxy. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/29/07)
- How Big Is A Wind Turbine? Depending on the turbines available at the time of construction, the turbine/tower combination may be as high as 420 feet in height. Newer, larger turbines not only allow for increased efficiency but the blades move more slowly and reduce possible impacts on raptors and other birds.
- Why Are Wind Turbines So Tall? Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet or more above ground, they can take advantage of faster and less turbulent wind. (U.S. Department Of Energy, “How Wind Turbines Work,” www1.eere.energy.gov, Accessed 8/29/07)
Take A Look Inside A Wind Turbine To See The Various Parts. (U.S. Department Of Energy, “How Wind Turbines Work,” www1.eere.energy.gov, Accessed 8/29/07)
How Are Wind Turbines Sited? Wind measurement devices called anemometers are placed in areas where frequent and consistent winds are suspected. Together with wind vanes, anemometers measure wind speed, direction and seasonal fluctuation. Data from anemometers is interpreted by specialists and an indicative turbine layout is prepared. Turbine layouts often are modified to accommodate landforms, property line setbacks, construction restrictions and environmental restrictions.
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How Do Wind Turbines Work?
To Generate Electricity A Wind Turbine Performs Three Key Steps: 1. Energy from the wind turns the turbine’s blades around a rotor. 2. The rotor spins a shaft. 3. The shaft spins a generator to create electricity.
- The Concept Behind Wind Energy Is Similar To That Of Hydroelectric Electricity. Turbines are placed in currents of wind, as the wind currents pass the turbine blades, the rotors are turned and electricity is generated.
How Is The Electricity From The Turbines Fed To The Existing Transmission Lines? Electricity is gathered from each turbine and conveyed by a common underground cable to substations, where the voltage is then increased to the levels of existing transmission lines. A three-phase overhead line from each substation would then convey the electricity to the interconnect points of the existing transmission lines, along steel or double wood poles, topped by anti-perching triangles and surge arrestor caps.
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A Modern Wind Turbine Can Power Roughly 800 Homes At Wind Speeds As Low As Eight Miles Per Hour. Modern wind generation turbines are complex machines, each generating about 1.5 – 2.4 megawatts of electricity – enough to power approximately 800 homes at wind speeds as low as 8 miles per hour. Turbines are designed to work independently, so if one fails in any way, the others continue operating.
Wind Energy Is Poised To Be A Significant Part Of America’s Diverse Energy Portfolio. Wind is clean and plentiful. Experts estimate that wind energy could easily produce more than 20 percent of our nation’s electricity supply by 2020.
- The U.S. Department of Energy Estimates America’s Wind Energy Potential To Be Much Greater Than Total U.S. Electricity Consumption Today. Tapping only a fraction of that potential would provide a significant part of America’s electricity supply. In the United States, wind energy currently produces approximately 17 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, equivalent to powering the average consumption of roughly 1.6 million American homes year-round. (U.S. Department Of Energy, www1.eere.energy.gov, Accessed 8/29/07)
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When The Wind Isn’t Blowing Strong Enough To Turn The Turbines That Generate Electricity, Your Electricity Will Still Work In The Usual Way. Electricity grids and the various sources of generating facilities that supply them are designed to cope with peaks and valleys in the demand for power. This planning and system redundancies includes backup sources of power to ensure electricity is there when people need it.
- Wind Energy Outputs Can Be Predicted Quite Accurately Hours In Advance And The Variations Are Smoother Than In Conventional Generation, Making It Easier For The System Operator To Manage Changes In Supply.
Wind Energy Is An Efficient Way To Generate Electricity. Using a free and infinite source of fuel to generate electricity – the wind – is about as efficient as you can get. The technology is efficient too – modern wind turbines are operational 70 percent to 85 percent of the time, and generate, on average, up to 35 percent of the theoretical maximum output over a year’s time. This is known as a load or capacity factor. The exact figure is dependent on the location, technology, size, turbine reliability and wind conditions, of course. By comparison, the load factor of conventional power plant is on average about 50 percent.
The Wind You Feel On The Ground Is Not The Same As The Wind At The Top Of A Turbine. Wind is slowed by friction as it hits the ground and vegetation, but the power of wind can be five times greater at the blade tip on a large modern wind turbine. (American Wind Energy Association, “Wind Power Today,” www.awea.org, Accessed 8/29/07)
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The Cost Of Generating Electricity From The Project Will Be Similar To The Cost Of Generating Electricity From A New Natural-Gas Fired Electric Facility.
Wind Energy Reduces The Demand For Natural Gas Resulting In Lower Electricity Prices Over Time. According to studies by the American Wind Energy Association electricity generated from wind energy reduces the demand for natural gas by several million cubic feet per day. This in turn reduces the marginal price for natural gas for all consumers.
Proximity To A Utility Scale Wind Energy Project Has No Effect On The Cost Of Electricity For Customers Within The Same Service Area. The affect on the electricity bills of local residence will be similar to that of other electricity customers.
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A Study Commissioned By The U.S. Government Found No Evidence Showing That Wind Farms Negatively Impact House Prices. A study [link to study titled REPP property values report] conducted by the Renewable Energy Policy Project (REPP) indicated no change in property values of 25,000 homes within a five-mile radius of various wind farms – other than a small increase, likely due to a general increase in overall property prices. (George Sterzinger, Fredric Beck, Damian Kostiuk, “The Effect Of Wind Development On Local Property Values,” Renewable Energy Policy Project, www.repp.org, 5/03, Accessed 8/31/07)
- In Fact, The Report Noted Many “Property Values Actually Rose More Quickly In The View Shed [Of Major Wind Developments] Than They Did In The Comparable Community.” “If property values had been harmed by being within the view-shed of major wind developments, then we expected that to be shown in a majority of the projects analyzed. Instead, to the contrary, we found that for the great majority of projects the property values actually rose more quickly in the view shed than they did in the comparable community. Moreover, values increased faster in the view shed after the projects came on-line than they did before. Finally, after projects came on-line, values increased faster in the view shed than they did in the comparable community. In all, we analyzed ten projects in three cases; we looked at thirty individual analyses and found that in twenty-six of those, property values in the affected view shed performed better than the alternative.” (George Sterzinger, Fredric Beck, Damian Kostiuk, “The Effect Of Wind Development On Local Property Values,” Renewable Energy Policy Project, www.repp.org, 5/03, Accessed 8/31/07)
A 2002 Study [link to report with title Kittitas%20Wind%20final.pdf] On The Economic Impacts Of Wind Power In Kittitas County Found No Negative Impacts On Property Values. This comprehensive economic study analyzes three types of economic impacts, including project effects on property values. The property valuation section includes two separate analyses: (1) interviews of tax assessors in jurisdictions where wind farms had been constructed within the ten previous years, and (2) literature review. The study sample for the tax assessor interviews included 22 wind farms located in 13 counties. Six of the counties had residential properties with views of turbines while in the seven other counties there were no residential properties with views of the wind farm. Assessors in all six of the counties with residential views stated that they had not determined that wind projects had any negative impact on property values. (“Economic Impacts Of Wind Power In Kittitas County,” ECONorthwest, 11/02)
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Modern Wind Turbines Are Surprisingly Quiet. You can stand right underneath the blades and still hold a conversation without raising your voice. RES Americas follows rigorous and independent noise standards when designing its projects. Moreover, wind farms are subject to strict planning conditions that limit noise levels to ensure they never exceed proscribed levels.
- The Turbines Make A Noise Similar To The Swooshing Noise A Kite Or Large Bird Makes, And In Some Areas This Noise Is Hidden By The Sound Of The Wind In Nearby Trees Or Other Vegetation. An operating modern wind farm at a distance of 750 to 1,000 feet is no louder than a kitchen refrigerator.
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Wind Energy Benefits Rural Area Economies. Many of the best sites for wind farms are found in rural areas. Because wind farms only use a fraction of the land, farmers and ranchers can continue to work the land and make an extra income from the rent they are paid for the use of their land.
- Wind Can Provide Diversified Income For Farmers, Ranchers, And Other Local Landowners. Each megawatt of wind can provide $2,000-$4,000/year or more in farm income even though only two to five percent of the land within wind farm boundary is used for turbines and access roads. (Wind Energy Works Website, www.windenergyworks.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
- The Payments Come Through No Matter How Good The Weather Has Been, Creating A Stabilizing Force To The Ups And Downs Of Farming. (Brad Heavner, Robert Pregulman, and Travis Madsen, “Energy For Washington’s Economy,” WashPIRG Foundation, www.washpirg.org, 6/03)
- Wind Farms Can Be A Valuable Source Of Property Tax Income For Local Governments. (Wind Energy Works Website, www.windenergyworks.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
- Wind Energy Creates Jobs. Wind provides approximately one skilled O&M (operations/maintenance) job for every 10 turbines installed. One study estimated increasing wind energy to three percent of the United States electricity supply would create 150,000 manufacturing jobs. Many would be in states that have been losing jobs. (Wind Energy Works Website, www.windenergyworks.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
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Wind Energy Is A Clean And Environmentally Friendly Energy Source.
- Wind energy produces clean, renewable electricity without emitting pollutants into our air or creating hazardous wastes.
- Wind energy, unlike other sources of energy, requires no mining, drilling, or transportation of fuel, and no disposal of radioactive or other hazardous or polluting waste.
- Wind energy helps preserve open space, conserves water and poses no threats to our national security.
Compare Wind’s Environmental Impact To Other Sources Of Energy:
(American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
Wind Energy Is Compatible With Animals And Humans. Wind does have minor wildlife impacts, but they are small compared to other electric generation choices. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
- The Wind Energy Industry’s Efforts To Reduce The Impact Of Wind Turbines On Birds Have Been Very Successful – Wind Turbines And Birds Can And Do Coexist Successfully. The modern wind turbine is far less harmful to birds than are radio towers, tall buildings, airplanes and vehicles and numerous other manmade objects. A reasonable, conservative estimate is that of every 10,000 human-related bird deaths in the U.S. today, wind plants cause less than one. Even if wind were used to generate 100% of U.S. electricity needs, at the current rate of bird kills, wind would account for only one of every 250 human-related bird deaths. Individual bird deaths due to wind development will never be more than a very small fraction of those caused by other commonly accepted human activities and structures--house cats kill an estimated 1 billion birds annually in the U.S. alone, buildings 100 million to 1 billion, automobiles 60-80 million, power lines hundreds of thousands to as many as 175 million, according to the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and other sources. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
- The Wind Industry Welcomes Scrutiny Of, And Comparison With, All Of The Impacts Of All Sources Of Power Generation. Many extensive studies of bird collisions at wind farms have been carried out, a practice that contrasts greatly with the lack of a systematic effort to monitor direct impacts on avian species from mining and drilling, power plant emissions or pollution, or habitat loss brought on by these activities. Any public or private research effort, regulatory effort, or legislative proposal designed to quantify the impact of power generation on birds, bats, and other wildlife should encompass all power sources, not just wind. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
- Post-Construction, The Wind Industry Monitors Impact On Local Wildlife. (American Wind Energy Association Website, www.awea.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
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Yes, Wind Energy Can Help Make America Energy Independent. Wind energy is produced domestically and the supply is unlimited. Wind energy can help reduce our dependence on imports of oil, natural gas, and other fuels. U.S. winds could generate more electricity in 15 years than all of Saudi Arabia’s oil, and the supply would never be depleted. (Wind Energy Works Website, www.windenergyworks.org, Accessed 8/30/07)
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For more information on wind energy please refer to these other resources:
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